A Bi-Level Simulation for Assessing the Traffic Impact of Priority Bus Lanes in Mixed Traffic: A Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City

Abstract This article introduces a bi-level simulation approach for evaluating the impacts of implementing dedicated bus lanes. We illustrate this method with a case study of a specific route in Ho Chi Minh City, which involved using iterative simulations to make incremental adjustments to reflect any changes in bus service quality or other transport system modifications. By using this approach, it is possible to minimize negative impacts and implement appropriate mitigation measures, thereby increasing the chances of successfully implementing priority bus lanes particularly in mixed traffic condition. It is important to note that the priority bus lanes itself should be seen as a mitigation measure, as it not only offers additional capacity along the corridor but also provides a safer, more reliable, and possibly more comfortable alternative transport mode for students and employees in Ho Chi Minh City, all at a lower cost.