Evaluation of the development and expression of BMP 15 and GDF 9 genes in sheep oocytes resulting from in vitro maturation and post-vitrification

The livestock sector plays a crucial role in food security; nevertheless, illnesses affecting cattle can result in genetic depletion and diminished output. This study sought to assess the expression of BMP-15 and GDF-9 genes in sheep oocytes undergoing in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrification. Oocytes were extracted from ovine ovaries, developed in vitro, and subsequently vitrified. DNA was collected and measured, and subsequently subjected to qPCR analysis for BMP-15 and GDF-9 gene expression. The results demonstrated that DNA content in vitrified oocytes was considerably lower than that in non-vitrified controls, with higher Ct values reflecting decreased gene expression. The vitrification procedure probably induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, compromising DNA integrity and disrupting essential signaling pathways, hence diminishing BMP-15 and GDF-9 expression levels. The findings indicate that vitrification reduces gene expression associated with oocyte maturation, underscoring the necessity for enhanced vitrification techniques to maintain genetic potential in cattle reproduction. This study corresponds with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), by focusing on the necessity for novel reproductive methods to conserve cattle genetic resources. Enhancing vitrification techniques enables the preservation of genetic material essential for future breeding and resilience, thus promoting sustainable agricultural practices and contributing to long-term food security and biodiversity conservation.