Time Study Based Model to Optimize the Assembly Line Efficiency and Labor Cost Incorporating Human Factors

Human factors play an important role in the optimization of industrial processes. Factors such as a worker's skill, effort, condition, and consistency have a significant impact on his performance. The objective of this paper is to determine the effect of human factors on the efficiency of assembly lines and labor costs by using the Classical Westinghouse Method (CWM). Using a time study-based mathematical model, the efficiency of the assembly lines and labor costs are optimized by considering human factors such as workers' skill, effort, condition, and consistency. The model is validated by a time study of the serial manufacturing industry in Pakistan. In a nutshell, this model may enable the serial assembly line manufacturing industries to improve efficiency and optimize labor costs by taking human factors into account.