Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Electric Vehicle with PI/PID Using Quadratic Buck/Boost Converter

In recent years, as the focus shifts towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with international standards, automotive manufacturers have increasingly turned to innovative technologies, particularly fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Unlike traditional electric vehicles, fuel cell EVs utilize fuel stacks cell as its energy source, these FCEVs primarily fueled by hydrogen will emit only water and heat in the process Fuel cell EVs are recognized as zero-emission vehicles due to the lack of tailpipe pollutants. The proposed configuration includes an innovative setup comprising a fuel cell, electrolyser, and onboard PV cells. During periods of adequate solar irradiation, the PV cells supplement the fuel cell's power generation and additionally, during idle vehicle conditions, surplus power generated by PV can be converted to chemical energy via the electrolyser and stored as hydrogen in dedicated tank. To ensure compatibility with motor voltage requirements, a Quadratic bidirectional buck boost converter is employed. EV configuration proposed is examined by considering varying irradiance along with speed values by simulations conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK. In this work Comparison of PI with PID controller topology is analyzed and the results have been presented for identifying the best suitable controller for the proposed configuration.