Airborne hyperspectral detection of oil and gas microleakage and geological verification: a case study of the Wulungu Depression in the Junggar Basin

This study utilizes airborne hyperspectral technology to conduct oil and gas exploration in the Wulungu Depression, situated at the northeastern edge of the Junggar Basin. Key research activities included the collection and processing of airborne hyperspectral data for the extraction of alteration minerals, field spectral measurements, and on-site exploration validation. The study revealed that alteration minerals related to oil and gas leakage in the study area exhibit a distinctive zonal distribution pattern. Field investigations revealed geological features associated with hydrocarbon leakage, such as surface halo rings, clay alteration, carbonate alteration, and vegetation toxicity in certain anomalous zones. Hydrocarbons were observed to accumulate on the surface in four distinct forms: layered, banded, spotted, and adsorbed. Additionally, hydrocarbons escape vertically in molecular form through fractures and fissures.