Research progress on new Raman spectroscopy in detection of chemical agents, biotoxins, and explosives

Chemical agents, biotoxins, and explosives are frequently used in military operations and terrorist attacks due to their lethal toxicity and destructive effects. Therefore, the timely detection of these substances has become a crucial research area in global homeland security. This paper focuses on potential techniques for detecting new Raman spectroscopy, such as the long-range Raman system, waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy, spatial displacement Raman spectroscopy, multi-coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy, and Raman imaging spectroscopy. The basic principles of these new Raman spectroscopy detection techniques, their specific applications in chemical agents, biotoxins, and explosives, and the latest research progress are analyzed. However, the new Raman spectroscopy technology still faces many challenges, such as a broad spectrum, miniaturization, and low cost. The breakthrough progress of precision machining methods such as MEMS and artificial intelligence technology is believed to offer development opportunities for the application direction of new Raman spectroscopy in detecting chemical agents, biotoxins, and explosives.