Too hot to handle? Heat-illness knowledge gaps and prevention shortfalls among German sports coaches

Abstract Aim Heatwaves are expected to become more frequent, longer and more intense in the future. Outdoor athletes are particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change as heat can result in life-threatening heat illnesses such as heat stroke. Coaches play a crucial role in the prevention of heat-related illnesses in sports. This study aims to investigate the knowledge and practices of coaches in relation to heat-related risks in sports. Subject and methods This nationwide representative study was conducted among 1200 outdoor sports coaches from the ten largest outdoor sports associations in Germany. To assess the coaches’ preventive knowledge, the Knowledge of Heat-Related Illness Symptoms Index was used. In addition, the prevention practices index evaluated the implementation of preventive measures. Results There were significant differences in knowledge of heat symptoms across various sports. The implementation of preventive measures was also insufficient, especially in terms of hydration. Institutional support for heat protection was limited, with coaches requesting more information and training. Factors such as geographical location, coaching qualifications and type of sport impacted the extent of heat protection provided to athletes. Conclusion In Germany, coaches are insufficiently prepared for the health hazards of heat. Promoting educational programmes and providing appropriate equipment is essential to ensure safer sports environments.