Association of Bicarbonate level in Stage 3 and Stage 4 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) disrupts acid-base balance, leading to metabolic acidosis.The impaired kidneys cannot remove acid effectively or reabsorb enough bicarbonate, resulting in low bicarbonate levels and metabolic acidosis.To evaluate the association of bicarbonate in patients among chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 and stage 4. To evaluate the metabolic acidosis in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD).METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Punjab.The study was conducted during the 3 months from May to July, 2023.The study included a total of 150 patients diagnosed with chronic kidney illness.Among these individuals, 74 were found to have stage 3 CKD, while the remaining 76 were evaluated to have stage 4 CKD.Cobas C-311 and Microlab 300 were used to analyze bicarbonates level.A self-designed Performa was used to collect the patient data.Data were entered and analyzed by using excel and displayed by using Tables and Bar Charts.RESULTS: In chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3, results indicated that 45% of male patients and 32% of female patients had normal serum bicarbonate levels ranging from 22 to 29 mEq/L, while the level was less than 22 mEq/L in 55% of males and 68% of females.According to the results from chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4, 15% of male and 14% of female patients had normal serum bicarbonate levels ranging from 22 to 29 mEq/L, and 85% of male and 86% of female patients had a serum bicarbonate level < 22 mEq/L.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, individuals with CKD, especially those in late stages, frequently have metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by low blood bicarbonate levels.This condition has been associated with higher mortality rates and greater risk of kidney disease progression.