Green Roofs and Vertical Gardens: Assessing Their Impact on Urban Heat Reduction and Storm water Management

The growth of urban areas has brought increased non-vegetated surfaces that intensify urban heat island development and intensify stormwater flow problems. Green roofs together with vertical gardens work as environmentally friendly solutions because they lower outside temperatures and filter air while adequately storing water. Researchers have investigated green infrastructure approach effectiveness for dense urban metropolises regarding their UHI reduction potential and their capacity for water control and environmental preservation. The investigation relies on empirical data and case analysis as well as econometric modeling to analyze three primary performance metrics which are temperature reduction alongside air filtering capability and stormwater absorption that is measured in instances. Green roofs and vertical gardens lower air temperature averages 3– 5°C according to research findings which shows that these systems also retain stormwater at 50– 80% while reducing particulate matter and carbon dioxide in air quality. The research adds valuable field experience to urban sustainability discussions by providing essential information that guides decision-makers among policymakers and urban planners and environmental engineers.