Factors Associated with Dietary Pattern and Diversity among School-Going Children in District Jhang, Punjab Pakistan

This study analysed dietary diversity among school-going children between the ages of 8 and 14 years in the district of Jhang of Punjab province. The score was calculated using FAO’s 17 food groups and 24-hour recall method. The determinants of dietary diversity among school-going children were also analysed. A sample of 200 children was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire and interview schedule. Results were found using bivariate analysis along with finding Pearson’s correlation. It was found that family size in the study area was six on average. The mean dietary diversity score (DDS) was 8, with a minimum value of 6 and a maximum of 13. 70% of respondents had a DDS of less than 12. All the respondents (children) consumed cereals (staple food). Out of the total, 83% of children were consuming from the sweets group, and 75 per cent of children were consuming from the spices group. These results reveal that children were not having healthy eating habits. Nutrient-rich food groups such as fish and red palm oil, not a single child was found having them in their diet. Milk and milk products, flesh, and iron are vital for the growth of this age group of children. However, only 48%, 43% and 22% of children consumed these essential food groups. Additionally, only 16% were consuming nuts. It is suggested that policymakers and other stakeholders raise awareness among children, teachers at the school level, and mothers at the household level on enhancing the nutritional intake of children of this age group by consuming a balanced diet from all food groups.