Valvular bronchoblockation in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in Primorsky Krai

Objective. To determine the efficacy of valvular bronchial blocking in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and to examine the factors affecting the performance of the technique. Materials and methods. The study analyzes the outcomes of comprehensive treatment for 66 patients diagnosed with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. The treatment was provided at a tuberculosis dispensary from 2021 to 2024 and involved valvular bronchial blocking. Results. One year following the intervention, the technique resulted in the closure of cavitary lesions in 56.1 % (37/66) of the patients, and the cessation of bacteriological excretion in 65.2 % (15/23). Notably, the effectiveness of cavity closure in infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis amounted to 84.6 % (33/39), whereas in fibrocavernous tuberculosis – only 14.8 % (4/27), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In addition, the optimal efficacy was registered in cases with the duration of the disease to be less than one year (65 % success), with cavitary lesions up to 2 cm (78.6 %) or 2–4 cm (67.7 %). No correlation was observed between treatment efficacy and drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Complications of bronchial blocking developed in 16 out of 66 patients (24.3 %) and were resolved through repeat bronchoscopy. Conclusion. Valvular bronchial blocking appears to be an effective non-resectional technique for the treatment of patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and requires personalized criteria for intervention.