Molecular Detection of HPV E7 Gene Using TaqMan Probe-Based RT-PCR: A Case-Control Study in Hilla City, Iraq

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a key driver of cervical cancer, with high-risk genotypes, mainly HPV 16 and 18, responsible for approximately 70% of cases. Persistent infections and immunological evasion by HPV increase the risk of malignant transformation. Objective: To evaluate the effect of TaqMan probes in real-time PCR pivotal role in HPV DNA detection, targeting a highly conserved regions like the E7 gene. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 71 women in Hilla City, Iraq, to detect HPV DNA. The study used cervical swabs and blood samples, with real-time PCR targeting the E7 gene. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests, evaluated associations between demographic, clinical, and behavioral variables. Results: Out of 71 samples, 22 tested positive for HPV, primarily using cervical swabs (95.5%). Amplification of the E7 gene showed high efficiency (100.9%) and specificity. Significant associations were found between HPV infection and factors such as smoking, rural residence, and family history of cancers. No co-infections were observed. Conclusions: This study underscores the effectiveness of TaqMan probe-based RT-PCR in HPV detection and highlights critical demographic and behavioral risk factors. The findings advocate for expanding HPV vaccination and diagnostic access, particularly in underserved regions.