Study of Bistatic RCS Characteristics of Typical Calibration Targets

The study of bistatic radar cross section (BiRCS) for calibration targets remains a critical area of interest in electromagnetic scattering research, particularly under multifrequency conditions where complexity and challenges are amplified. This paper presents an investigation into the BiRCS characteristics of spheres, cylinders, and metallic spherical-cylindrical calibration targets across various frequencies. As a fundamental metric for assessing the scattering properties of targets in response to radar waves, RCS analysis using multiple calibration targets provides deeper insights into scattering phenomena. Furthermore, these findings establish a robust foundation for the calibration and performance optimization of modern radar systems. Through measurement and analysis of the bistatic RCS of these typical calibration targets, this study reveals that the shape, size, and incidence angle of the targets significantly affect the frequency response of RCS. Notably, at higher frequency bands, the surface geometry of the calibration targets becomes more sensitive to RCS contributions. Additionally, under large bistatic angles, an analysis based on scattering mechanisms explains the observed sharp fluctuations in RCS and their underlying patterns. These findings provide essential insights for the design of calibration targets and their applications in complex electromagnetic environments. The study holds theoretical significance and offers practical guidance for radar system calibration and target recognition, particularly in the precise measurement of scattering characteristics.