Radar Echo Signals Analysis and Modeling for Low-Altitude Target Detection

When radar detects low-altitude target, the direct signal and the reflected signal vector superimpose to form a fluctuating synthetic signal, resulting in prediction errors of the echo signal. An analysis of the multipath effect principle is conducted, and a spherical Earth model is established. By incorporating radar system parameters and reflection surface parameters, a directional pattern propagation factor is introduced, leading to a modified echo signal model. Two sets of radar measurement data are selected for validation, and the results indicate that this model has good predictive capability for echo signals, providing practical guidance for radar low-altitude performance testing and further theoretical research.