Universality of closed nested paths in two-dimensional percolation

Recent work on percolation in d=2 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 55, 204002 (2015)] introduced an operator that gives a weight k^{\ell} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> to configurations with \ell <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:math> ‘nested paths’ (NP), i.e. disjoint cycles surrounding the origin, if there exists a cluster that percolates to the boundary of a disc of radius L <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:math> , and weight zero otherwise. It was found that \mathbb{E}(k^{\ell}) \sim L^{-X_{NP}(k)} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="double-struck"> <mml:mi>𝔼</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and a formula for X_{NP}(k) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> was conjectured. Here we derive an exact result for X_{NP}(k) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , valid for k ≥ -1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , replacing the previous conjecture. We find that the probability distribution \mathbb{P}_\ell (L) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="double-struck"> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> scales as $ L^{-1/4} (L)^ℓ[(1/ℓ!) Λ^ℓ]$ when \ell ≥ 0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and L \gg 1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≫</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , with \Lambda = 1/\sqrt{3} \pi <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>/</mml:mi> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math>

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
SciPost Physics
Published
2025-02-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.21468/scipostphys.18.2.057
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Theoretical and Computational Physics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.52

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Universality of closed nested paths in two-dimensional percolation

Jesper Lykke Jacobsen, Bernard Nienhuis, Youjin Deng, Andrea Sportiello et al.
2 citations
SciPost Physics
Theoretical and Computational Physics
2.52
article

Universality of closed nested paths in two-dimensional percolation

Jesper Lykke Jacobsen, Bernard Nienhuis, Youjin Deng, Andrea Sportiello, Yu-Feng Song
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Recent work on percolation in d=2 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 55, 204002 (2015)] introduced an operator that gives a weight k^{\ell} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> to configurations with \ell <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:math> ‘nested paths’ (NP), i.e. disjoint cycles surrounding the origin, if there exists a cluster that percolates to the boundary of a disc of radius L <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> </mml:math> , and weight zero otherwise. It was found that \mathbb{E}(k^{\ell}) \sim L^{-X_{NP}(k)} <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="double-struck"> <mml:mi>𝔼</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and a formula for X_{NP}(k) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> was conjectured. Here we derive an exact result for X_{NP}(k) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , valid for k ≥ -1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , replacing the previous conjecture. We find that the probability distribution \mathbb{P}_\ell (L) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mstyle mathvariant="double-struck"> <mml:mi>ℙ</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> scales as $ L^{-1/4} (L)^ℓ[(1/ℓ!) Λ^ℓ]$ when \ell ≥ 0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and L \gg 1 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≫</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , with \Lambda = 1/\sqrt{3} \pi <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mi>/</mml:mi> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math>

SciPost PhysicsVol. 18(2)
University of Science and Technology of China (CN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Université Paris Cité (FR), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (FR), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay (FR), Minjiang University (CN), Sorbonne Université (FR), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord (FR), École Normale Supérieure (BI), CEA Paris-Saclay (FR)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, European Research Council
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Theoretical and Computational Physics
2.52
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.