Engine-Induction Generator Set Modeling for Hybrid/Flex Vehicle

This manuscript proposes a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) model for an engine-induction generator set in series hybrid/flex vehicles (SHVs). The model outputs are simplified using linear combinations of the inputs via a steady-state gain matrix, with gains defined in terms of the SHV electrical parameters. A reduced-order model is proposed to reliably analyze the dynamic behavior by incorporating the state variables of the powertrain's electrical system. This facilitates the design of energy management systems (EMS) and power converter sizing, enhancing the efficiency of the engine-generator set. The mathematical solution was validated through simulations and experimental results, including mechanical power calculations derived from vehicle dynamics applied to an SHV laboratory-scale prototype. Experimental findings demonstrated the effectiveness of a simple EMS in reducing fuel consumption while maintaining the internal combustion engine within its optimal efficiency region. Furthermore, this study presents a practical and cost-effective alternative for ICE-generator systems by replacing permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) with induction generators (IGs).