Correlation of antimicrobial consumption and resistance among covid patients admitted to ICU in Lahore, Pakistan

Background and Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem and the leading cause of death and morbidity among patients admitted to medical intensive care units.In addition to correlating antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance with ICU demographic data, the study aims to ascertain whether clinical indications result in the recommendation of particular antibacterials for different patients admitted to the critical care unit.Another objective of the study is to determine whether the use of antibiotics and microbial infections is associated with the recovery or death of the patient who was brought to the medical critical care unit.METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore.The study subjects were 100 people who were admitted in ICU.All the samples were collected after the permission of the hospital administration and consent from the patients were also taken before taking the samples.According to clinical doubt, lab samples were collected and tested for responsible organism and for their antibacterial susceptibility.RESULTS: E. coli (32%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%) were the most prevalent pathogens.The most resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were to amoxycillin (12.0%) and ampicillin (13.3%).Most E. coli was resistant to both ciprofloxacin (16.8%) and ampicillin (19.8%).The most frequent diagnoses were CKD and UTI (21.4%), with E. coli accounting for 50% of these cases.In the intensive care unit, about 17 different kinds of antibiotics were utilized.Of all the antibiotics, quinolones, carbapenem, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones were the most used.Liver failure and brain injuries result in the least amount of healing, whereas pyelonephritis causes the most.CONCLUSION: Present study provided a useful data on clinical implication of antibiotic use in ICU patients especially with comorbidities.These data indicated that critical care patients in ICUs are disproportionately vulnerable to antimicrobial resistance, according to the data.