The role of assertiveness, family dynamics and cohesion in women-led dairy farm performance

Purpose This study explored the role of assertiveness, family satisfaction, and family support in enhancing farm performance in women-led dairy farms, with family cohesion as a mediating variable. It explores how these elements interact within socioeconomic contexts, where patriarchal norms and resource constraints are prevalent. Design/methodology/approach This study employed a structural equation Modelling (SEM) which involved a quantitative approach through a structured questionnaire with 330 target respondents using a five-point Likert scale. This study is based on the registered dairy farmers of rural Bihar. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4 model and applying bootstrapping to examine Family Cohesion’s direct and mediation effects between variables. Findings The findings emphasize the critical role of assertiveness in fostering open communication and decision-making within family settings, which enhances cohesion and farm productivity. Family satisfaction and support were key drivers of cohesion, creating emotionally stable and collaborative environments essential for successful farm operations. It also confirms that family cohesion mediates the relationship between assertiveness, satisfaction, support, and farm performance. Originality/value This study contributes to family systems theory by identifying family cohesion as a pivotal factor in the leadership dynamics of women-led agricultural enterprises. This underscores the potential for empowering women through training in assertiveness and family support mechanisms, thus providing a framework for policymakers and stakeholders to foster sustainable development in rural sectors. This study offers actionable insights into improving gender equity and performance in agriculture, with implications for similar socio-economic settings globally.