The Physical and Mental Health of Post-9/11 Female and Male Veterans: Findings from the Comparative Health Assessment Interview Research Study

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Females are the fastest-growing group in the veteran population, yet there is a paucity in the literature of sex-specific results from studies of chronic disease in veterans that limit our understanding of their health issues. This study provides nationally representative estimates of the physical and mental health of females and males from the Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veteran population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from the 2018 Comparative Health Assessment Interview Research Study (CHAI), a cross-sectional nationwide survey of the health and well-being of OEF/OIF/OND veterans and a comparison sample of U.S. nonveterans, were analyzed to provide sex-stratified and deployment-stratified lifetime prevalence estimates and adjusted relative odds of physical and mental health conditions in a large population-based study of OEF/OIF/OND veterans. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, female veterans were significantly more likely to report cancer, respiratory disease, irritable bowel syndrome/colitis, bladder infections, vision loss, arthritis, back/neck pain, chronic fatigue syndrome, migraine, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression. Male veterans were significantly more likely to report obesity, diabetes, heart conditions, hypertension, high cholesterol, hearing loss, fractures, spinal cord injury, sleep apnea, and traumatic brain injury. Both males and females who deployed were significantly more likely to report adverse health outcomes than those who did not deploy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This article reports sex-stratified and deployment-stratified lifetime prevalence estimates and adjusted relative odds of physical and mental health conditions in a large population-based study of OEF/OIF/OND veterans. This study demonstrates the value of epidemiological research on female veterans and its importance in understanding the burden of disease in the female veteran population.