Effective Ways of Teaching English as Foreign Language: A Conceptual Paper

Effective teaching strategies are the cornerstone for a successful English language teaching in English as a foreign language learning (EFL). English language learning proficiency is extensively recognized as a crucial skill around the world which has impacted communication, access to information, and economic opportunities. This proficiency in English has been significant for socioeconomic, professional, and academic advancement. However, achieving English proficiency in the Afghan context is hindered by socioeconomic, infrastructural, and cultural factors. This study explores effective ways of teaching English as a foreign language in terms of teachers’ knowledge and teaching methodologies in Afghan public schools in Jalalabad. The study found the challenges in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Afghanistan, underscoring the outdated textbooks, the domination of the Grammar-Translation Method (GTM), and the lack of adequate training in effective teaching methodologies, contributing to the overall low quality of English instruction. Theoretically, the implication of this study will contribute to the literature. Practically, it will offer the instructors some understanding of the ELT application, and from a policy lens, the study is expected to the changes in ELT practices and other foreign language teaching policies, in Afghanistan and different contexts.