Design and Simulation of a Bioimpedance Sensor for Measuring the Electrical Properties of Blood in the Hemodialysis Process

This study presents the design and simulation of a bioimpedance sensor aimed at measuring the electrical properties of blood during the hemodialysis process. Utilizing two configurations—4-electrode washer and Van der Pauw—the simulations were conducted in the COMSOL environment using the finite element method. Performance accuracy was evaluated against data from Gabriel et al., with results analyzed in MATLAB, including Nyquist curve examination under various conditions. The findings indicate that for the 4-electrode washer method, optimal sensor performance occurs when the current injection radius matches the voltage reading radius; however, this configuration presents construction challenges. Conversely, the 4-electrode Van der Pauw method demonstrated that the radius of the electrodes significantly impacts sensor evaluation and performance. By optimizing electrode dimensions, a compact sensor design can be developed, potentially enhancing the quality of dialysis machines and improving patient outcomes.