Simulation on Impact Damage of Rail-Armature Liquefied Film Based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Method

In an electromagnetic rail launcher system, during launching process, the armature melt produced by concentrated current density may generate acceleration perpendicular to the rail surface under some mutational factors, causing impact damage to the surfaces of the rail as well as the armature, and even leading to gouging phenomenon. These phenomena represent a complex fluid-solid coupling process involving the integration of fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, and impact dynamics. To address this, this paper develops a fluid-solid coupling simulation model for the impact damage of the liquefied film under high-speed sliding between the rail and armature based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model is utilized to simulate the stress response and stress wave propagation under impact, and the ALE algorithm models the contact relationship between the melt (Euler) and the rail-armature surface (Lagrangian). By comparing data such as the failure ratio of rail-armature units, the maximum impact force received by the rail and the armature, and the size of the gouging pits under different initial conditions such as shape, position, and mass of the melt, the impact effects of the melt on the rail-armature surface is analyzed.