Investigation of Optimisation of PID-Controlled Electrochromic Device Voltage Using Genetic Algorithm

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) hold significant potential for applications in smart windows and automotive rearview mirrors. However, during continuous charge-discharge cycles, these devices are prone to charge accumulation, leading to increased potential differences. To effectively address this technical challenge, we propose a PID control strategy optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA). This strategy precisely regulates the voltage, ensuring that ECDs maintain a stable voltage level of target voltage during operation, thereby enhancing device stability and extending lifespan. This study innovatively applies the PID algorithm to the voltage control of ECDs and utilizes GA for adaptive PID parameter adjustment to improve control accuracy and response speed. Experimental results demonstrate that ECDs utilizing the optimized PID control strategy exhibit exceptional voltage stability, providing crucial support for the further advancement and application of electrochromic technology. Additionally, the adaptive PID controller model proposed in this work is developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK, offering new research methods and practical approaches for voltage control in ECDs.