Development of an Intelligent Bolt Assembly System Based on Machine Vision and Ultrasonic Detection

In traditional bolt assembly, manual efficiency is low, and existing automated assembly machines often damage bolts and nuts during high-speed assembly[1]. This study addresses the critical need for integrity detection and damage prevention in bolt assembly processes. We propose a novel bolt assembly machine that integrates feeding, assembly, and detection mechanisms. The machine features a bolt feeding mechanism, a nut feeding mechanism, and an assembly mechanism equipped with gripping, screwing, and detection components. The detection system, which includes a camera and a metal flaw detector, inspects the internal and external integrity of assembled bolts and nuts. A PLC controller categorizes the bolts and nuts based on the detection results. This fully automated machine improves the efficiency and reliability of bolt and nut assembly, detection, and sorting. Our findings demonstrate significant advancements in preventing damage and ensuring assembly integrity, thus contributing uniquely to the field of automated assembly technology.