Factors influencing non-pharmacological treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM II) is a chronic and silent disease that typically begins in adulthood. T2DM is a polygenic chronic condition with both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. To understand the factors contributing to low adherence to non-pharmacological treatment among individuals with T2DM, this study employed thematic analysis as a technique for describing qualitative data, following the approach proposed by Minayo (2014). The study investigated 11 adults with Type 2 diabetes in São Luís, all with elementary or secondary education and a family income of at least one minimum wage. Despite their ability to follow medical guidance, these individuals face challenges in adhering to non-pharmacological treatment due to low educational levels and social and cultural factors. Four categories of analysis were identified: methods of diabetes diagnosis, the impact of the diagnosis on patients' lives, influences on diet, and difficulties in following medical advice. Diagnoses were made through routine examinations and symptoms; however, many patients do not fully understand the disease. Physical activity is limited, with most engaging only in walking. The difficulties faced include financial issues, cultural factors, and a lack of proper nutritional follow-up, as well as challenges in scheduling medical appointments.