UGR Calculation Methods Reliability Investigation for LED Luminaires

In pursuit of energy efficiency goals, LEDs have been widely adopted, though considerations of discomfort remain crucial. LED luminaires with non-uniform luminous intensity distribution (LID), seems contribute to visual discomfort, particularly glare, assessed through the Unified Glare Rating (UGR) index. Although UGR index updates e.g., CIE 232:2019 offer technics to improve UGR calculation for non-uniform LID and LED luminaires, through an investigation of two popular methods—software simulation and manual calculation—this research underscores substantial disparities and inconsistencies in outputs.