Aquatic pollution from truck spills: Urgent action needed in Brazil and beyond

On 29 January 2024, a truck accident spilled concentrated sulfonic acid into a river in Brazil's State of Santa Catarina. This disaster, which occurred in a protected area, killed various types of fish (e.g., crenuchids, heptapterids, and loricariids) and probably many other less observable animals, such as small invertebrates. The accident, similar to others around the world, gained national and international media attention. Because truck accidents causing aquatic pollution through chemical spills are occurring not just in Brazil but also globally, the recent event led us to consider similar cases and to recommend potential measures to help mitigate biodiversity loss in waterbodies near roads. Three factors need to be considered: (i) human (drivers); (ii) truck (mechanical condition); and (iii) road (e.g., infrastructure). In addition, improved expert assessments of the negative impact of these accidents on biodiversity are needed. A requirement to aid recovery of polluted ecosystems should be incumbent upon the companies involved in truck accidents. • Truck spills are polluting aquatic ecosystems in Brazil and beyond. • We propose measures against pollution by truck spills. • We need post-accident evaluations.