Detection and control of invasive phytophages in the botanical garden: new approaches and perspectives

Goal. Determination of optimal methods of phytosanitary monitoring and strategies for controlling the number of harmful arthropods based on ecologically safe preparations on ornamental crops in urban green areas. Methods. Monitoring of the phytosanitary state of urbophytocenoses was carried out by the method of route surveys of plantations. The method of visual detection of the phytophagous or traces of its vital activity on the trunk, branches, shoots and leaves was used to examine the crown of plants. To record the density of phytophagous colonies and to identify species, individuals were collected using a transparent adhesive film. Colored glue traps were used to monitor Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and other insects. Results. The use of colored glue traps in the closed soil of the Botanical Garden named after Acad. O.V. For the purpose of monitoring insects, Fomina made it possible to identify 16 species of phytophages from 4 orders: aphids (Aphidoidea) Myzus persicae Sulz., Macrosiphum rosae L., Idiopterus nephrolepidis Davis.; coccids (Coccoinea) Nipaecoccusnipae Mask, Pseudoccus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), Coccus hesperidum L., Diaspis boisduvalii Sign., Kuwanaspis pseudoleucaspis Kuw.; whiteflies (Aleyrodoidea): Aleurodes vaporariorum Westw., Bemisia tabaci Genn., B. argentifolii Bellows; thrips (Thysanoptera): Thrips tabaci Lind., Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouche., Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, Echinothrips americanus Morgan, Thrips palmi Karny. Among the seven colors we used to determine the degree of attractiveness of insects that are common in indoor soil, the most attractive color is yellow. Using color traps in open ground to monitor species such as Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata (a plant pest of Tilia L.) and Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (a plant pest of Aesculus L.) showed that three colors were most attractive to these species: blue, green and red. A high level of effectiveness of the drug Phytocomplexon-1 has been established in comparison with other options. For the pests Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Hyphantria cunea and Cydalima perspectalis, this drug showed the highest efficacy rates ranging from 79.5 to 92.4%. Conclusions. The use of colored glue traps in closed and open ground conditions is an important element for insect monitoring. It is important to consider the color of traps when planning strategies for monitoring and controlling plant pests, which can improve the effectiveness of plant protection measures. The high level of effectiveness of new environmentally safe preparations based on rapeseed oil and plant extracts against various types of harmful organisms has been confirmed. In particular, the drug Phytocomplexon-1 proved to be the most effective for insects. The study indicates the prospects of using environmentally safe methods of plant protection in botanical gardens and megacities.