Prevalência da <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i> em citologia ginecológica no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature to analyze the prevalence and incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis in cytopathological exams across various regions of Brazil, also evaluating epidemiological factors and associations with cytological alterations, such as HPV-associated lesions. Results: 11 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed, covering different regions of Brazil. The prevalence of the microorganism ranged from 8% to 71.16%, making it the most frequently identified agent in most studies, particularly in the Northeast and North regions. The most affected age group was between 18 and 38 years. The studies also identified significant associations between the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis and cytological alterations, such as low- and high-grade intraepithelial lesions. In some regions, other microorganisms, such as Candida sp. and Trichomonas vaginalis, showed significant prevalence but were still less frequent than Gardnerella vaginalis. Discussion and Conclusions: The microorganism was identified as a potential risk factor for the development of cervical lesions associated with HPV, suggesting that its presence may facilitate the entry and persistence of the virus. Socioeconomic and educational factors also influence prevalence, with higher incidence among women with lower educational levels. Preventive strategies such as regular screenings, health education, and increased access to medical care are essential to reduce the burden of this infection and its associated complications. The research highlights the need for further investigation into the impacts of vaginal dysbiosis on gynecological health and the management of cervical lesions.