Genetic counselling for psychiatric conditions: exploring current perceptions of family physicians and psychiatrists in Portugal

Genetic counselling emerged as a specialized healthcare discipline in the 1960s, and since then, various sub-specialties have developed globally, namely and more recently, psychiatric genetic counselling. This study provides a pioneering exploration of family physicians and psychiatrists' perceptions regarding genetic counselling provision and its potentialities in the context of psychiatric illnesses in Portugal. A qualitative methodology with semi-structured interviews was used. Among the participants, five were family physicians, and six were psychiatrists. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: (1) the role of genetics in healthcare, (2) barriers to psychiatric genetic counselling implementation, and (3) perceived benefits associated with its implementation. Results show that while the importance of genetics in psychiatric disorders is acknowledged, there is low literacy about genetic counselling practice from the professional groups interviewed. Also, the availability and mainstreaming of genetic testing seem to influence how genetic counselling is perceived and utilized. There is a perceived need for training and guidelines that foster the dissemination of genetics into healthcare, specifically mental healthcare. A holistic and patient-centred approach is considered essential in managing psychiatric disorders and, by extension, in psychiatric genetic counselling, as it addresses both medical and psychosocial factors. Although psychiatrists and family physicians are keen to integrate psychiatric genetic counselling into their patients' care, it seems that certain fundamental challenges still persist in genetic healthcare provision. Future research should contribute for a more comprehensive evaluation of the readiness for psychiatric genetic counselling implementation in the country.