How Social Support Affirms Identity in LGBQ Adults: A Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Introduction This paper presents a qualitative exploration of the role social support plays in identity affirmation , referring to the experience of feeling proud and viewing one’s sexual orientation as a positive aspect of one's identity. Methods A sample of 395 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or queer (LGBQ) adults provided responses to open-ended questions about whether and how social support facilitates sexual identity affirmation, alongside other potential contributors. Data were collected in 2022. Results Across eight themes, participants described a range of factors that either facilitated or impeded identity affirmation. Feelings of acceptance, comfort, and confidence were said to promote identity affirmation, as was a sense of understanding one’s identity and a lack of shame or isolation. Sources of social support were discussed, including support from the LGBTIQ + community; however, tensions within these communities were noted. Broader societal support was discussed as identity affirming and took several forms, including representation and visibility, normalisation, and legislation and political discourse. Finally, the different ways in which identity is affirmed across the lifespan are discussed. Conclusions The themes build upon the existing link between social support and identity affirmation and are understood through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological systems theory. Policy Implications Findings have policy implications surrounding supportive legislation, more positive political discourse, and implementation of school-based educational interventions. Additionally, implications for professionals working with LGBQ individuals to better understand what identity affirmation is to this population and how it can be enhanced are discussed.