Inhibitory Effect of Nano-Formulated Extract of Passiflora incarnata on Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites-Bearing Swiss albino Mice

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study explored the antitumor effect of Passiflora incarnata leaves' nanoformulation (N-EEP) in fibroblasts, A375 cell lines, and in vivo using Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA)-bearing mice. <b>Methods:</b> N-EEP treatment could significantly slow scratch closing in A375 cells compared to in the extract itself (EEP). <b>Results:</b> The hemolytic assay showed that N-EEP had less than 2% hemolysis, making the formulation highly biocompatible. In vivo N-EEP administration delayed the tumor growth rate, reduced weight gain, and increased the tumor-bearing mice's life span. Furthermore, the ascitic cells were aspirated from the tumor and investigated for various gene expressions. The tumor suppressor gene p53, which plays a significant role in the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway, was found to be elevated in animals treated with N-EEP. We assessed the cytotoxicity of isolated DLA cells from induced mice using both the trypan blue and MTT assays, while apoptotic studies were conducted using Hoechst staining. Results from the trypan blue and MTT assays indicated that nearly 80% of the cells were killed by N-EEP treatment (200 μg/mL). Additionally, apoptosis, characterized by condensed nuclei, was observed after N-EEP treatment, confirming that one of the modes of cell death was caspase-dependent apoptosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study suggests that N-EEP delayed the growth of DLA by upregulating p53 gene expression and inducing apoptosis.