Graphene Quantum Dots from Synthesis to Innovation for Advanced Optics and Bio-Optics Trends

The generation of non-classical light with improved performances within tiny sizes, intervals of lengths, and diameters is still a challenge. The generation of variable wavelengths associated with different frequencies of energy modes produced from new sources of emitters within confined scales from the Quantum to Nano-and Micro-scales are of high impact. It is noted here that the concept of the generation of non-classical light related to electronics and photonics interactions with different topological matter constitutions could be tuned by the use of new optical carbon-based active materials. When the light is produced below the Nanoscale, other phenomena are involved where Quantum phenomena and Optics are present. In this regard, there are a lot of materials that could achieve these types of new modes of energy from different sources. However, there are not so many from organic based materials. This does not originate from the electron density, and the potential tuning of their properties due to carbon and incorporation within varied chemical structures is associated with interesting optoelectronic properties. These properties are based logically on the electronic configuration and orbitals involved. Therefore, Carbon-based Nanomaterials and Quantum materials achieved the high impact and new Nano-Optical emitters. In this context, Carbon dots, Carbon-based Laser dyes, and Carbon Quantum Dots appeared to be of interest for Optoelectronics developments contemplating from fundamental studies to applications. Thus, Graphene showed improved performances for Optical perspectives with varied types of applications. Graphene Quantum dots appeared in the developments of high interest based on their homogeneous electronic distributions produced by well-organized chemical structures controlled spatially and contemplating sizes. Both characteristics are not so easily found in other materials. For this reason this short Review of Graphene Quantum Dots and new Carbon Dot structures presented the classical and new trends in the synthesis of these types of materials to open further discussion toward fundamental studies with targeted new Optics based on fine chemical modifications and Quantum and quantum coupling, electromagnetisms, electron and photon conductions, as well as other modes of photonics, plasmonics, and quantum energy modes such as phonons, polaritons, bosons, excitons, electromagnetic fields, magnetism, Qbits, and quarks, etc. In this manner, the concept of quantum coupling was always considered in the Research, showing the electronic waves and related phenomena were under focus and analysis to show and demonstrate enhanced interferences based on their interactions. Therefore, there are many new modes of energy that are of interest to new studies and further applications. In these perspectives this short Review intends to show trends in progress.