A co-evolutionary knowledge exchange network for the entrepreneurial valorization of academic research: evidence from Italy

Abstract This paper aims to better understand the complex interplay and co-shaping of relationships among quadruple helix actors, i.e. universities, firms, institutions, and civil society, underlying the dynamics of knowledge exchange networks for the entrepreneurial valorization of academic research, and related impacts. A longitudinal co-evolutionary analysis of a successful case study regarding a network among quadruple helix actors operating in Italy (Start Cup Lazio) has been conducted by adopting participatory action research. The co-evolutionary lens adopted in the paper looks at the relationship between actors of the network, the network itself, and the external environment as circular, mutually influential, and dialectical, considering them as forces that co-determine organizational adaptation. Results draw attention to the dialectical nature of the relationships among quadruple helix actors involved, the reciprocal influence between them and eight factors, internal and external to universities, in shaping the network dynamics, leading to societal impacts. The latter are comprehensively assessed through a set of proposed indicators. Findings suggest conceiving positive societal impacts generated by such networks as a result of multilevel co-evolutionary adaptations among quadruple helix actors and between the network itself and the rest of society. Systemic approach is identified as the main determinant of effective co-adaptations. Results extend prior research by providing a novel co-evolutionary explanation of network dynamics and related societal impacts in the context of complex adaptive systems. Practical implications for quadruple helix actors suggest how to engage in a network of relationships to co-create innovative solutions from entrepreneurial valorization of research that address societal needs.