Efeito das características físicas e da cobertura do solo na vazão e turbidez de nascentes sob diferentes abordagens estatísticas

The lack of proper planning and disorderly land use significantly impacts natural resources, especially water. The increase in data volume to address complex challenges, such as protecting and enhancing water resource availability, introduces potential issues like overfitting and multicollinearity during analyses. Therefore, this study aimed to employ different statistical methods to mitigate these issues, examining the effects and influences of environmental factors and soil physical characteristics on the flow and turbidity of 82 springs. Various approaches were utilized, including Random Forest and Akaike Information Criterion, both proving consistent concerning the analyzed variables. Arboreal coverage showed a stronger correlation with increased flow, while shrub coverage favored higher turbidity. Shrub coverage can facilitate surface runoff, contributing to increased flow turbidity. The vegetation coverage (arboreal and shrub) may have favored water infiltration processes, enhancing flow. The provided results have the potential to play a crucial role in guiding best practices in data analysis and strategies for the recovery and protection of springs.