The Potential for Trypsin Inhibitor Expression in Leaves to Convey Herbivory Deterrence in Soybean

Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) is the most widely grown legume crop in the world, providing important economic value. Pest herbivory damage by insects and mammalian wildlife, in particular the white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>), limits yields in soybean. Incorporating trypsin inhibitors (TIs) as plant protectant against herbivory pests has been of interest. We previously showed that the overexpression of soybean TIs in soybean conferred insect deterrence under greenhouse experiments. In this study, we examined the potential of transgenic TI-overexpressing lines in deterring insects under field conditions at Knoxville, Tennessee. Our results indicate that the overexpression of TI could lead to a significant reduction in leaf defoliation of the transgenic compared to non-transgenic lines without negatively impacting plant growth and yield under field conditions. Furthermore, we extended our study by comprehensive evaluation of these transgenic plants against the white-tailed deer herbivory in a separate field setting at Jackson, Tennessee, and with controlled deer feeding experiments. No significant differences in growth characteristics were found between transgenic and non-transgenic lines under field conditions. There were also no significant differences in deer deterrence between transgenic and non-transgenic lines in ambient deer herbivory field or controlled deer feeding trials. Our study provides further insights into more exploration of the role of TI genes in pest control in this economically important crop.