Thermal comfort modeling, aspects of land use in urban planning and spatial exposition under future climate parameters

Abstract Global urbanization and climate change have brought about crucial climatic pattern variations between urban areas and rural surroundings. The impact of global heating is influencing the climatological variables in the surrounding urban environment. Thermal comfort in an environment is an influential location choice for urban living quality and facilities. This study models the change in the spatial pattern of comfort zones in the Kastamonu province sample. Simulation plots were generated, and comfort requirements were investigated based on global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. The spatio-temporal shifts in temperature, humidity, and ThC fields were optimized by Thom’s discomfort index. To assess the synergies of extreme hot weather events throughout the province, the current status of ThC areas and their potential concerns in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 were modeled based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios: SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 using ArcMap 10.8 software. The research determined that cold, cool, and comfortable areas are predicted in the site based on SSP2-4.5 until 2100. According to the SSP5-8.5, coastal regions will dominate 15.3% of the area with marine characteristics above the comfort values (hot and very hot). According to the SSP5-8.5 climate projections, the 5 °C increase in the highest temperature value in the area and the 9.7% decrease in the relative humidity are remarkable for describing impreciseness in complex interacting human and environmental mechanisms. The research provides guiding and concrete spatial indicators for many interacting disciplines and decision-makers. Graphical abstract