Functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles with 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid as an efficient adsorbent for the Gefitinib removal from water

This study presents a novel adsorbent for the removal of Gefitinib from water using 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid modified SiO₂@SPION nanoparticles (as SPION@CPFO-PAC). Several investigations were conducted to examine the chemical characteristics, morphological aspects, thermal stability, and magnetic behavior of the produced nano adsorbent. Based on the analysis findings, the produced nano adsorbent exhibited superparamagnetic properties. The findings of the TEM and SEM pictures indicate that the synthesis technique resulted in the creation of uniform nanoparticles, mostly spherical in shape, with an average size of 20-25 nm. These nanoparticles exhibit well-defined structure and possess excellent stability. Under optimal conditions (100 ng/mL-10 mL of Gefitinib, adsorbent dosage = 0.02 g, t = 30 min), the drug elimination percentage reached 92.02%. The results from these adsorption studies were described using the Freundlich isotherm, and the pseudo-second-order model well described the kinetics of adsorption. The thermodynamic investigation indicates that the process is spontaneous and exothermic, as shown by the results of ΔH and ΔG values at various temperatures. The study examined the capacity to retrieve the produced nanoadsorbent and found that it could be efficiently separated and reused for four consecutive cycles without significant decrease in adsorption effectiveness.