Black-mottled breed: yesterday, today, tomorrow

The purpose of the research is to study and systematize the changes in the breeding of the black-and-white breed in the Russian Federation before the beginning of the breed inventory of livestock and at the present time. According to the 2022 certification, black-and-white cows are bred in 191 breeding farms in 41 regions of the Russian Federation. The relative number of black-and-white breeds in 2022 was 25.25% of the total number of dairy and dairy cattle, which is 25.76% less than in 2018 (51.01%). In 2022, the number of black-and-white cows in breeding plants decreased by 77.4% compared to the level of 2018, and in breeding reproducers by 58.8%. More than 97% of cows, both in PP and in PR, are attributed to Holstein lines, most of which belong to the Vis Back Industrial 1013415 line (42.342% in PP and 44.239% in PR) and Reflection Sovering 198998 (44.779% in PP and 42.017% in PR). Milk yield for the highest lactation on average in the lines of the Holstein breed is 7994 kg of milk. Among the lines of the black-and-white breed, the average milk yield of cows at the highest lactation was 7306 kg, which is 688 kg less than the descendants of the Holstein lines. The descendants of Holstein lines have a calving age of 2.41, and the average highest lactation is 1.80, and for black-and-white lines it is 3.05 calving and 2.23 lactation, respectively. The analysis showed that out of 156 breeding bulls from 19 breeding enterprises with sperm production from age-related bulls (10 years and older) - 119 heads (76.3%). However, only 40 of them were evaluated for the quality of offspring, of which 5 bulls aged 10-15 years have an average breeding value of +139 kg of milk, and the daughters of older producers average +321 kg of milk.