Synthesis of a novel inorganic metal oxide-based composite 54(BaO.TiO₂)-46(K₂O.SiO₂) via melt-quench technique: physical, structural, optical, and morphological properties for CO₂ gas sensing applications

Abstract Herein, a novel composite 54[BaO.TiO 2 ]-46[K 2 O.SiO 2 ], (BTKS) was synthesized via a melt-quenching approach for detection of CO 2 gas. The measurements of CO 2 gas sensing were performed in the range of 250–1500 ppm. XRD study reveals the polycrystalline nature of the composite with a major and minor phases of witherite (BaCO 3 ), BaTiSi 3 O 9 and BaTiO 3 . Further, UV-Visible spectroscopy was used and revealed the semiconducting nature of the composite. Further, SEM and TEM revealed rod-like morphology along with homogenous pores and voids within the composite, attributed for excellent sensing behaviour. FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were executed, revealing the bonds formation of Si–O–Si, Ti–O–Ti, and Si–O–Ti. The sensing response of the composite for CO 2 gas at 1000 ppm was obtained 3.38 with response time 19.23s, and recovery time 21.54s respectively. The synthesized composite based portable, and cost-effective gas sensing device might be used for medical diagnostics to overcome health risks in the future.