Exploring the rebound effect in Spain through a multisectoral framework

This study estimates projected CO2 emissions based on energy efficiency improvements and the rebound effect. It analyzes the contribution of households, categorized by income deciles, and sectors to emissions, exploring various scenarios related to energy efficiency and the rebound effect. Using the social accounting matrix, the study examines how these scenarios influence emissions across income groups and offers insights into the relationship between energy efficiency, household income, and emissions. The results show that households in deciles VII and X are the largest emitters, and that improvements in energy efficiency in housing, manufacturing, and transportation lead to increased savings, which are spent across sectors based on household income, offsetting efficiency gains. Additionally, the rebound effect does not significantly impact the consumption income of most sectors. These findings provide important implications for policy development, particularly regarding sector-specific emissions and household income levels.