Effects of seed size on soybean performance: germination, growth, stress resistance, photosynthesis, and yield

Seeds of different grain sizes have differences in germination, which may be caused by differences in seed vigor. Medium to large seeds showed better growth effects in the field, including morphological parameters, photosynthetic parameters, etc. In addition, medium to large seeds also have better resistance levels and can better adapt to the environment. These factors ultimately lead to higher yields. This study promotes the further development of the production potential of excellent varieties, and provides valuable insights for soybean seed breeding and high-yield cultivation strategies.