The Role of Potassium in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease – Dietary Approaches

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 13% of the adult population worldwide and represents a significant health problem. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality associated with kidney diseases have increased significantly, and by 2040 these diseases are expected to become the fifth leading cause of disease burden. Potassium is an important electrolyte that plays an essential role in the proper functioning of the kidneys and must be maintained within reference limits to prevent dyskalemia conditions. Management of dyskalemia is key in CKD and requires the application of appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Aim: The objective is to review the possibilities of maintaining potassium balance through nutrition, as potassium balance is important for managing dyskalemia and reducing the risk of complications in patients with CKD. Material and Methods: The review included publications related to CKD, potassium, dyskalemia, and dietary approaches to managing the condition, based on evidence from scientific databases. The search was performed using the following keywords in English: chronic kidney disease, potassium, dyskalemia, diet foods, low potassium foods, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, diet. Results: The review shows that dietary interventions, including the restriction of potassium-containing foods and the selection of appropriate cooking methods, effectively control potassium balance in patients with CKD. Replacing common salt with potassium-fortified substitutes may reduce cardiovascular risks but requires caution in these patients due to the risk of hyperkalemia. Conclusions: Effective management of potassium balance in patients with CKD requires an integrated approach with dietary and medical interventions. Individualized dietary strategies tailored to the stage of the disease are key to preventing complications and improving quality of life.