Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is one of the most rapidly spreading chronic autoimmune diseases, characterized by beta-cell destruction leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Early identification of individuals with type 1 diabetes in the presymptomatic phase can predict clinical disease and improve health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this review is to focus on risk factors and prevention strategies in patients with type 1 diabetes. Material and Мethods: A review and systematic search were conducted in the PubMed database using the keywords: type 1 diabetes, risk factors, prevention. The search covered the last 10 years, from 2014 to 2024, and included the full text of available scientific reports from which this review was prepared. Results: The study identified 17 systematic reviews that met the inclusion criteria out of a total of 614 results retrieved using the specified keywords. Discussion: Several risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus have been identified, including genetic predisposition, family history, environmental factors, and metabolic biomarkers. Prevention strategies—primary, secondary, and tertiary—are important to stop the natural progression of the disease and identify high-risk individuals. Conclusion: The continuing global prevalence of diabetes represents a significant public health challenge. Accurate identification and characterization of populations at the highest risk are key to developing successful strategies for prevention, prophylaxis, and management of the disease. Predicting risk factors and implementing prevention strategies are important future steps in the treatment and control of the disease.