GENESIS OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCHES’ COMPOSITION IN KYIV AT TE KYIV RUS PERIOD

The article studied the principles of compositional construction of ancient Kyiv Rus temples of different periods. Graphical reconstructions of temples based on historical sources, archival photographs, materials of field surveys and archaeological excavations became the basis for the research. According to the method of system-structural analysis, a system of indicators of the object was formed: compositional characteristics, planning, morphology of forms, decor and polychromy. The compositional characteristics were confirmed by the graph-analytical method and the method of comparative analysis of Kyiv temples. The change in the composition development vector from horizontal in the early Old Rus period to vertical in the late period is graphically proven, which corresponded to the general trend in the Old Rus lands. Despite the unconditional influence of the Byzantine traditions of temple construction in the early period, the Kyiv version of Orthodox construction cannot be considered a provincial Byzantine version, taking into account the influence of local traditions and the high skill of construction and figurative characteristics. In ancient Kyiv Rus churches, there is a marked tendency to replace a more spread-out composition with a more compact one, with vertical development. As a result, it is possible to follow how the value of the angle at the top changed after the reconstruction of the temples. In the first period, the angle at the top changed from 70.96° to 107.55°, in the second from 88.00° - 98.58° to 90.00° - 117.03°, in the third from 56.07° - 82 .37° by 39.12° - 90.21°. If you inscribe an ancient Kyiv Rus temple in a triangle, in most cases the tangents of the triangle literally pass through the extreme points of the roof above the walls and crosses. According to the same principles, six rebuilt churches were analyzed, which were built during the time of Kyiv Rus, but underwent significant changes in the Baroque period. The change in the ratio of the width of the western facade to the height of rebuilt Baroque churches in Kyiv was also investigated. In the first period, this value changed from 0.84 to 1.24, in the second from 1.18 -1.86 to 0.92 - 1.49, in the third from 0.65 - 1.06 to 0.46 - 1 ,36.