Sorbent-Based Microextraction Combined with GC-MS: A Valuable Tool in Bioanalysis

Sample preparation is broadly recognized as the most critical, time-consuming, and error-prone step of a bioanalytical workflow. Over the years, the development of pretreatment methods aimed at the isolation and preconcentration of the target analytes from sample matrices has been an ongoing effort. Recent innovations have aimed at miniaturizing sample preparation to streamline laboratory processes and enhance analytical performance. Sorbent-based microextraction techniques, including solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, bar adsorptive microextraction, capsule phase microextraction, etc., have recently gained attention as effective sample preparation tools prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. This article provides an overview of the bioanalytical GC-MS applications of sorbent-based techniques published in the last decade (2014–2024) that enable the efficient and sensitive determination of various compounds in biological samples.