Major Challenges on the Ectoparasite and Control Campaign: A Questionnaire Survey Study

Common livestock have contributed significantly to family’s livelihood and their productivity influenced by variety factors with main of the ectoparasite. A cross-sectional study design was surveyed at 2024 (April to July). A total of 109 owners of sheep and goat were questioned by using well-structured questionnaires. This study concentrated on husbandry techniques, ectoparasite awareness campaigns among animal farmers, the impacts of these parasites, treatment modalities, and an examination of the district's implementation practices and impact of ectoparasite management initiatives. Based on the system of production in the study area is mixed, about 31.1% of owners managing their small ruminants independently in their homes, while 54% kept their animals mixed with other domestic animals, including dogs, rabbits, and cats. Major respondents (99.9%) indicated that they were aware of one or more ectoparasites affecting sheep and goats. The current assessment also examined the delivery service of the veterinarian and ectoparasite control program done by the Zam Zam Foundation. On the basis to the responses, 64.1% of the participants treated their small ruminants at four (4) weeks intervals, while 35.7% provided treatment at six (6) week intervals. Key respondents (63.2%) reported that the drugs had a positive (+ve) impact but were not sustainable, while a small percentage (7.2%) indicated that the treatment didn’t bring any notable change. Precisely on these results, it is recommended to implement practices and design an appropriate annual biochemical control program, develop a clear animal freedom policy with strict quarantine measures, raise awareness, and promote good management policies.