Modeling and analysis of carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of electric vehicles

With the increasing attention paid to the problem of global climate change caused by greenhouse gases, low-carbon has become a global consensus. In the field of automobiles, electric vehicles have a huge potential for carbon reduction and their ownership is increasing day by day. This article aims to study the carbon emissions of electric vehicles throughout their entire life cycle, establish a carbon emission model for electric vehicles throughout their entire life cycle, and calculate and analyze the carbon emissions at each stage. Firstly, this article uses full lifecycle assessment to study the carbon emissions of electric vehicles from three stages: production, vehicle use, and recycling. Secondly, when calculating the carbon emissions during the production and recycling stages of electric vehicles, the calculation of carbon emissions during the operation stage under three different vehicle network interaction modes: unordered charging, ordered charging, and vehicle to $\operatorname{grid}(V 2 G)$ is considered. Finally, the carbon emissions of electric vehicles in the three stages are integrated to obtain their full lifecycle carbon emissions. The simulation results show that participating in $V 2 G$ reduces the total carbon emissions throughout its lifecycle, indicating that participating in $V \mathbf{V} G$ has a significant contribution to carbon reduction.