Dynamic Exit Selection and Counting Area Adjustment for Efficient Crowd Evacuation in Asymmetrical Layouts

This research introduces an innovative methodology to address the significant challenge of evacuating large crowds from buildings with multiple exits, particularly in scenarios with asymmetrical exit configurations and high population densities. The proposed model incorporates dynamic counting areas that adjust according to evacuee density, alongside a probabilistic exit selection mechanism influenced by enhanced dynamic parameters—congestion, distance, and empty. It also accounts for heterogeneous agent behaviors to more accurately represent evacuee dynamics in complex, asymmetrical environments with dense crowds. Key findings indicate that the model effectively alleviates bottlenecks at congested exits, optimizes exit usage, and enhances overall evacuation safety. Comparative analyses demonstrate that the proposed model significantly improves evacuation efficiency and reduces travel distances compared to previous models. Simulation results indicate that agent density directly affects evacuation time, with lower congestion levels facilitating faster egress. These advancements lead to more precise evacuation time predictions and crowd flow assessments, offering valuable insights for refining emergency egress strategies in complex settings. Future research will focus on refining the model with real-world data to expand its applicability in diverse settings, such as stadiums and public transportation hubs, thereby enhancing emergency preparedness and response.