Design and Analysis of Circularly Polarized 2T2R MIMO U Shaped Notched Patch Antenna for Centimeter Wave Applications

In this study, a circularly polarized 2x2 MIMO patch antenna with a U-shaped notched design and quarter-wave transformer feed is developed for 6G communication in the centimeter-wave (cm-wave) spectrum. The antenna utilizes a MIMO feeding technique to enhance its performance, with the resonant frequency set at 11 GHz. The chosen substrate material is Rogers RT 6010, which is appropriate for high-frequency and broadband applications due to its low dielectric loss and dielectric permittivity of 10.5. The dimensions for the single-element patch are 20×20 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>with a height of 1.9 mm, and for the 2x2 MIMO configuration, the overall size is 40×40 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>with the same thickness. The primary radiating patch adopts a rectangular shape and employs a quarter-wave transformer feed. Simulations conducted using CST software evaluate key parameters such as Z-parameters, VSWR, S-parameters, gain, directivity, axial ratio, efficiency, radiation patterns, MEG, DG and ECC. The proposed antenna achieves a gain greater than 5 dB, demonstrating its effectiveness for advanced communication applications. Additionally, to verify the suggested design, a patch antenna with a single element is created, and the 2x2 MIMO antenna is further refined to achieve circular polarization and enhanced performance by incorporating a U-shaped notch.